2016年华南理工大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题

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2016年华南理工大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题

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华南理工大学
2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：翻译硕士英语
适用专业：英语笔译(专业学位)
Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point for each)
Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and
D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your
answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well
and with great _______.
A. care B. ease C. tempo D. dignity
2. She _______ to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her
American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture.
A. dropped out B. went out of her way
C. gave way D. got down
3. In the past, a woman’s world usually _______ household work and waiting
for her children and husband to come home.
A. made up B. composed of
C. was comprised of D. consisted of
4. Domestic tourists now make up more than 90 percent of the country’s total
and _______ two-thirds of its total tourism earnings.
A. attribute B. contribute C. distribute D. dispatch
5. He is a diligent and ________ teacher, well liked by his students.
A. voluntary B. conscious C. conscientious D. hard
6. The doctor tried last time to explain to the Browns that infants and young
children are more _______ to the effects of secondhand smoke than adults.
A. conducive B. advantageous C. delicate D. vulnerable
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7. It is absolutely true today that college degrees have become a
valuable________ for jobseekers in the country’s developing market economy.
A. asset B. liability C. deterrent D. means
8. She is far too ______ to believe these ridiculous lies.
A. sensational B. sensitive C. sensible D. sensuous
9. With _______ audiences and less financial support from government,
Britain’s best orchestras must find new sources of income, if they are to
continue.
A. shrinking B. captive C. withering D. sympathetic
10. On July 1, 1997, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong
Kong, wiping out 156 years of colonial humiliation _______ on the Chinese
nation.
A. befell B. imposed C. afflicted D. leased
11. Johnson ________ the problem in his mind for two more days before he
came to a conclusion.
A. turned on B. turned over C. turned out D. turned to
12. Many of the works exhibited in the gallery are _______, filled with energy
and vitality, bright colors and unique ways of expressing ideas.
A. imaginative B. imaginable C. imagined D. imaginary
13. Words fail to _______ our feelings of great reverence for the hero.
A. imply B. deliver C. convey D. contain
14. China is _______ an ambitious plan to stimulate the domestic economy by
investing in infrastructure construction, of which telecommunications are an
important part.
A. undertaking B. supervising C. foiling D. compiling
15. I have to _______ time to prepare for the coming sports meet.
A. set about B. set aside C. set up D. set off
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16. If not properly _______, border issues which are always very sensitive and
complicated international relations can often trigger conflicts.
A. handled B. handing C. handle D. to handle
17. After _______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel
manager's office.
A. what B. it C. that D. there
18. Every change of season, every change of weather _______ some change in
the wonderful colors and shapes of these mountains.
A. make B. makes C. is making D. are making
19. There________ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end
half an hour earlier.
A. to be B. to have been C. be D. being
20. Variables such as individual and corporate behavior ______ nearly
impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision.
A. make it B. make C. it makes D. makes it
21. Had Jane been more careful on the math exam, she ________ much better
results now.
A. would be getting
B. could have got
C. must get
D. would get
22. By the year 2030, it’s estimated that more than two thirds of the world’s
population will be living in cities— ______ today.
A. twice as many as
B. as twice as many
C. as much as twice
D. as much twice as
23. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could
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walk ________ far.
A. / B. such C. that D. as
24. Much_______ I like Antonia, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes
took with me.
A. although B. since C. for D. as
25. Developing friendly ties with neighborly countries is the priority aim of this
country’s foreign policy and this policy will not be changed _______ the
international situation may be.
A. whichever B. however C. wherever D. whatever
26. The snow leopard is a class-one endangered species ______ is the giant
panda.
A. as B. such C. which D. that
27. Jeremy came to visit me again. It was the second time he _________ me
that afternoon.
A. had been interrupting
B. has interrupted
C. would have interrupted
D. had interrupted
28. Grace’s eyes were wet with tears as she put her face _______ she could,
gripping my left hand and stroking it.
A. as close as to mine
B. so close to mine as
C. as close to mine as
D. much so close as
29. The boys in the family are old enough for ________.
A. school B. schools C. the school D. the schools
30. Intellect is to the mind _______ sight is to the body.
A. as B. what C. like D. that
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Part II. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each)
Directions: In this section, there are 2 passages followed by multiple-choice
questions. Read the passages and then write ONE best answer for each
question on your ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
[1] To say that the city is a central problem of American life is simply to
know that increasingly the cities are American life; just as urban living is
becoming the condition of man across the world. Everywhere men and
women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, the
company of their fellows, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life.
[2] Within a very few years, 80 percent of all Americans will live in
cities—the great majority of them in concentrations like those which stretch
from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and Los Angeles
and San Francisco and St. Louis. The cities are the nerve system of
economic life for the entire Nation, and for much of the world.
[3] And each of our cities is now the seat of nearly all the problems of
American life: poverty and race hatred, stunted education and saddened
lives, and the other ills of the new urban Nation-congestion and filth, danger
and purposelessness—which afflict all but the very rich and the very lucky.
[4] …The city is not just housing and stores. It is not just education and
employment, parks and theaters, banks and shops. It is a place where men
should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great
achievements of modern civilization and the ageless pleasures afforded by
natural beauty should be available to all. If this is what we want—and this is
what we must want if men are to be free for that “pursuit of happiness”
which was the earliest promise of the American Nation—we will need more
than poverty programs, housing programs, and employment programs,
although we will need all of these. We will need an outpouring of
imagination, ingenuity, discipline, and hard work unmatched since the first
adventurers set out to conquer the wilderness. For the problem is the largest
we have ever known. And we confront an urban wilderness more formidable
and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced
by the pilgrims or the pioneers.
[5] One great problem is sheer growth—growth which crowds people
into slums, thrusts suburbs out over the countryside, burdens to the breaking
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point all our old ways of thought and action—our systems of transport and
water supply and education, and our means of raising money to finance
these vital services.
[6] A second is destruction of the physical environment, stripping people
of contact with sun and fresh air, clean rivers, grass and trees—condemning
them to a life among stone and concrete, neon lights and an endless flow of
automobiles. This happens not only in the central city, but in the very
suburbs where people once fled to find nature. “There is no police so
effective,” said Emerson, “as a good hill and a wide pasture…where the
boys … can dispose of their superfluous strength and spirits.” We cannot
restore the pastures, but we must provide a chance to enjoy nature, a chance
for recreation, for pleasure and for some restoration of that essential
dimension of human existence which flows only from man's contact with
the natural world around him.
[7] A third is the increasing difficulty of transportation—adding
concealed, unpaid hours to the workweek, removing men from the social
and cultural amenities that are the heart of the city; sending destructive
swarms of automobiles across the city, leaving behind them a band of
concrete and a poisoned atmosphere. And sometimes—as in Watts— our
surrender to the automobile has so crippled public transport that thousands
literally cannot afford to go to work elsewhere in the city.
[8] A fourth destructive force is the concentrated poverty and racial
tension of the urban ghetto—a problem so vast that the barest recital of its
symptoms is profoundly shocking:
Segregation is becoming the governing rule: Washington is
only the most prominent example of a city which has become
overwhelmingly Negro as whites move to the suburbs; many other
cities are moving along the same road—for example, Chicago,
which, if present trends continue, will be over 50 percent Negro by
1975. The ghettoes of Harlem and Southside and Watts are cities in
themselves, areas of as much as 350,000 people.
Poverty and unemployment are endemic: from one-third of the
families in these areas live in poverty, in some, male
unemployment may be as high as 40 percent; unemployment of
Negro youths nationally is over 25 percent.
Welfare and dependency are pervasive: one-fourth of the
children in these ghettoes, as in Harlem, may receive Federal Aid to
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Dependent Children; in New York City, ADC alone costs over $20
million a month; in our five largest cities, the ADC bill 's over $500
million a year.
Housing is overcrowded, unhealthy, and dilapidated: the last
housing census found 43 percent of urban Negro housing to be
substandard; in these ghettoes, over 10,000 children may be injured
or infected by rat bites every year.
Education is segregated, unequal, and inadequate: the high
school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent, there are academic
high schools in which less than 3 percent of the entering students
will graduate with an academic diploma.
Health is poor and care inadequate: infant mortality in the
ghettoes is more than twice the rate outside, mental retardation
among Negroes caused by inadequate prenatal care is more than
seven times the white rate; one-half of all babies born in Manhattan
last year will have had no prenatal care at all; deaths from diseases
like tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia are two to three times
as common as elsewhere.
[9] Fifth is both cause and consequence of all the rest. It is the
destruction of the sense, and often the fact, of community, of human dialog,
the thousand invisible strands of common experience and purpose, affection
and respect which tie men to their fellows. Community is expressed in such
words as neighborhood, civic pride, friendship. It provides the
life-sustaining force of human warmth and security, a sense of one's own
human significance in the accepted association and companionship of
others.
[10] …Community demands a place where people can see and know each
other, where children can play and adults work together and join in the
pleasures and responsibilities of the place where they live. The whole
history of the human race, until today, has been the history of community.
Yet, this is disappearing, and disappearing at a time when its sustaining
strength is badly needed. For other values which once gave strength for the
daily battle of life are also being eroded.
[11] The widening gap between the experience of the generations in a
rapidly changing world has weakened the ties of family; children grow up in
a world of experience and culture their parents never knew.
[12] The world beyond the neighborhood has become more impersonal
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and abstract. Industry and great cities, conflicts between nations and the
conquests of science move relentlessly forward, seemingly beyond the reach
of individual control or even understanding.
[13] …But of all our problems, the most immediate and pressing, the one
which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act, to obliterate our vision
of the future, is the plight of the Negro of the center city. For this plight and
the riots which are its product and symptom—threaten to divide Americans
for generations to come; to add to the ever-present difficulties of race and
class the bitter legacy of violence and destruction and fear….
[14] It is therefore of the utmost importance that these hearings go
beyond the temporary measures thus far adopted to deal with riots —beyond
the first hoses and the billy clubs; and beyond even sprinklers on fire
hydrants and new swimming pools as well. These hearings must start us
along the road toward solutions to the underlying conditions which afflict
our cities, so that they may become the places of fulfillment and ease,
comfort and joy, the communities they were meant to be.
31. According to the passage, everywhere men and women crowd into cities in
search of ________.
A. employment and race hatred
B. a decent living and stunted education
C. congestion and the company of their fellows
D. the excitement and other advantages of urban life
32. It can be learned that within a few years, _______ of all Americans will live
in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and
outward from Chicago and other cities.
A. less than 80 percent
B. about 80 percent
C. more than 80 percent
D. none of the above
33. Besides poverty, housing and unemployment programs, Americans need
_______ to attain the kind of society they want.
A. imagination
B. ingenuity
C. discipline and hard work
D. all of the above
34. According to the author, the city should be______________
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A. the seat of nearly all the problems of American life
B. just houses, stores, schools, businesses, parks, and theaters
C. place where people can live in dignity and security and harmony
D. the nerve system of political, economic, cultural life for much of the world
35. The major city problems discussed in the passage include all of the
following EXCEPT________.
A. racial tension and the destruction of the sense of community
B. sheer growth and destruction of the physical environment
C. the difficulty of transportation and concentrated poverty
D. unpaid working hours and a poisoned atmosphere
36. The most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly
Negro is_______.
A. New York B. San Francisco C. Chicago D. Washington
37. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. 20 percent of the children in ghettos may receive Federal Aid to
Dependent Children.
B. Male unemployment in some areas may be as high as 40 percent.
C. 43 percent of urban Negro housing is substandard.
D. In ghettos, the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent.
38. The reason why the plight of the Negro is the most immediate and pressing
problem is that it threatens______________.
A. to paralyze the American economy
B. to divide Americans for generations to come
C. to destroy the vision of the future generations
D. to use violence in overthrowing the old belief and social system
39. According to the author, the sense of community chiefly means
A. the ties of family
B. a thousand imaginable strands
C. things which tie men to their fellows
D. the values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life
40. In this selection, the author makes________ work for him to order the
materials so that it is easy to follow.
A. description B. classification C. definition D. narration
Passage 2
[1] When I first saw Pippa the cheetah, she was sitting pertly on a chair
in the tearoom of the New Stanley Hotel in Nairobi. I had gone to meet her
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owners, an English couple who were leaving Kenya and wanted to ensure
that their pet would find a good home. Pippa was wearing a harness and was
able to sit at a table, looking as if she might have a soft drink through a
straw. She was a thoroughly spoiled cub.
[2] Eighteen months later she had returned to the wild. She was living in
the Northern Frontier District where she had been born. She had learned to
hunt for herself, had mated with a wild cheetah, and was raising a litter of
cubs.
[3] Pippa’s rehabilitation to the wild required patience, perseverance,
love, and the same kind of respect for her as a being that I would have
offered a fellow human. I had previously shared this love and respect with
Elsa the lioness, whom my husband George and I had raised as a cub. But it
was not simply a matter of affection——although there was plenty of that.
The rehabilitation process was important as an experiment in developing a
means of trying to guarantee the survival of endangered species. The
cheetah is one of these; the lion may become one soon.
[4] I learned many things from Elsa and Pippa. They proved always to
be interesting and affectionate companions. And I enjoyed the closeness to
nature that the rehabilitation process required. But there were many times
when I was working with Elsa and Pippa, and there have been many times
since, when I have wondered about another endangered species, a species
generally as ignorant of the threat to its survival as these two cats had been.
That species is man.
[5] Some recent scientific, economic, and political research suggests that
the curves for food demand and food supply will cross in a maximum of 60
years. By then, man’s overpopulation, increasing pollution, and the
diminishing food supply could threaten to end human life on our planet.
Being aware of this research, I could not help wondering what steps man
could take to ensure his survival. Could he, for instance, learn from animals
something about birth control, inter-creature relationships, or thought
communication that would help him avoid extinction?
[6] Generally, the first reaction to such musings is one of astonishment.
The question phrases itself. What can man, the most highly evolved species
of animal life, learn from less developed creatures? Astonishment at this
question itself suggests a starting place. Perhaps man needs to regain his
humility——and his sense of perspective. Perhaps he should look at himself
as just another experiment of nature, no more important intrinsically than
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the thousands of other species evolved on our planet. Man is, after all, a
fairly recent development. He has lived on earth only 1.7 million
years——not a very long time compared with the 400 million years of some
creatures.
[7] Man’s achievements during this stay are astounding. Yet they
endanger his own survival. As a result, he may disappear as have other
species who became too overspecialized, or outlived their environment.
Perhaps more than any other creature man is notable for his constant
violations of the eternal law of living in harmony with nature. Man kills
everything that competes with him for living space or food. He has
irreparably damaged his environment. He has forsaken nature’s basic laws,
substituting for them his own man-made laws and values. He has, for
example, invented money——and now he gauges success, power, and
achievement almost exclusively in terms of it. He overestimates his ego and
his capacities. He worships status and sacrifices fantastically for it.
[8] A more rational perspective would see that all organic life is of equal
importance. That every species has its role to play. That nothing survives
unless it fits into the balance of nature and lives within its environment. That
all life must work together to preserve life and maintain ecology.
[9] But man can also learn more specifically from animals. With his
research capacity he can ask himself: How were animals able to maintain
the balance of nature for more than 400 million years? Once he has
unlocked these secrets, he can try to apply them to his own situation.
[10] What are some of these secrets? Birth control is one. Animals have
very efficient means of controlling their reproduction. We who study
animals have learned about it only in the last few years. We don’t yet know
how it works, but we do know some facts. Most antelopes, for example, can
withhold their young for weeks, even months. They do this in order that
births occur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the
mothers’ adequate supply of milk for the young.
[11] Elephants seem able to adjust their reproduction in somewhat the
same way. On the Victoria Nile, for instance, one bank is extremely eroded;
it provides barely enough food for the elephants living there. The opposite
bank, on the other hand, is quite well covered with vegetation. Observations
indicate that elephants on the grassy bank calve every four years, while
those on the eroded bank do so only every nine.
[12] My own observations of Elsa and Pippa have revealed some most
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interesting facts. These cats come into season every five to seven weeks.
Once the first litter has been born, they have the capacity to produce a new
litter every three and a half months, and some zoo-confined lionesses
actually do produce litters this often. But in their natural state, females of
these species will not let a male near them——let alone mate with
him——while they are engaged in rearing their young to complete
independence. Among lions this period lasts two years; among cheetahs it is
about seventeen and a half months.
[13] When Pippa lost two litters to predators a few days after their birth,
she instantly looked for a mate and conceived despite the fact she had hardly
recovered from giving birth. Knowing that her unfortunate cubs did not need
her anymore, she lost no time in starting a new litter. This also happened
with a lioness I knew.
[14] Judging from this behavior, I can only assume that some kind of
psychological block stops mother lions and cheetahs from wanting to mate
while they are preoccupied with training their young.
[15] Another secret of animals’ survival is telepathy. This sense has
become atrophied in man, but a definite thought-communication functions
in animals. Elsa the lioness frequently sensed when George and I intended
to visit her camp, even though it lay 180 miles from our home in Isiolo. On
most occasions when we made our irregular visits she was waiting for us.
By following her spoor we discovered that she had sometimes walked 50 or
60 miles to meet us.
[16] The same thing happened when I took Elsa’s two sisters to Nairobi
to be flown to the Rotterdam zoo. Elsa stayed behind with George in Isiolo
180 miles away. He did not know when I was coming back; no person knew.
But Elsa knew. On the morning of my return she sat down in the entrance
drive and would not budge until I arrived in the evening.
[17] I have known this kind of thought-communication with the animals
with whom I’ve lived. When Elsa died, I woke in the night, knowing what
had happened, even though I was several hundred miles away. The same
thing occurred later with one of Pippa’s cubs.
[18] I don’t possess this sensitivity with my own kind. I feel far more in
tune with what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London
or Nairobi. We don’t know much yet about this telepathy——from which
gland it comes, or how it works. But if men could reawaken or cultivate it in
themselves, and then cooperate by trusting each other, rather than fearing
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and treating one another suspiciously, the world would be a far better place.
[19] Another secret of the animals is embodied in a basic law of nature
which men often ignore. Every animal has around him a security zone.
Within that zone he feels safe. Simple observation shows what happens to
creatures whose sense of adequate living space has been consistently
violated, and who have thus become degenerate. You only have to go to a
zoo. There you find animals sitting like prisoners, tucked so close together
that it is not surprising they become frustrated and sometimes so tense that
they try to break out. Then they have to be destroyed.
[20] When people see animals in this condition, they get the impression
that the animals are either dangerous and aggressive or, if they have fallen
into a state of utter despair, that they are lethargic or stupid. But animals that
I have known in their natural state are never like this. This illustrates why
zoos——even the best zoos——cannot solve the problem of recovering a
healthy survival number of presently endangered species.
[21] The security-zone sense, the need for adequate living space, is not
limited to wild animals. Men once possessed it as well. But now our
awareness of it has grown so faint that four or five people can live together
in one room, a situation which repeatedly occurs in overcrowded slums.
People living in these conditions often become aggressive——sometimes
even criminal——for the same reason that animals do in zoos.
[22] Man-made values account not only for man’s reduced awareness of
his own security zone. They have also impaired a whole range of
relationships which nature had placed in proper perspective. One of these,
referred to earlier, is mating. Another is the relationship of mother to young.
So many modern human mothers these days prefer to have jobs and put their
children in day-care centers or kindergartens, rather than look after them. In
nature this happens only in perverted cases. I have watched many animal
mothers with their young. They are devoted to them and tend them with
affection——and discipline. But they don’t overdo it. Elsa and Pippa loved
their cubs, but they also kept strict behavior. There was no nonsense about
it.
[23] Man’s great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from
this planet. If he wants to survive——which he can do only if all other
forms of life around him survive as well——he simply has to see himself as
no more important than his fellow creatures. Since man has a higher
intelligence than most animals, he is responsible for insuring their survival
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and thus maintaining life on our planet.
[24] I personally doubt that man can recover his original relationship with
all other forms of life unless he reappraises his man-made values, returns
again to the rules of nature, and then accepts and obeys them.
41. The main idea of this article is that______.
A. people can teach animals how to survive
B. people can learn survival techniques from animals
C. animals can survive in the wild after living in zoos
D. animals can learn from man how to live in tune with nature
42. In the sentence “But it was not simply a matter of affection…”(paragraph 3),
“it” refers to______.
A. respect
B. survival means
C. patience, perseverance and love
D. Pippa’s rehabilitation to the wild
43. In paragraph 6, it is implied, but not directly stated, that ______.
A. man has not lived on the earth very long compared to some other creatures
B. man should look at himself as just another experiment of nature
C. man thinks he can learn something from animals
D. man thinks he is more important than other animals
44. In paragraph 7, the writer gives examples of ______.
A. how man destroys the balance in nature
B. how man will survive in the future
C. how man uses his environment constructively
D. how man kills animals for food
45. The subject of paragraphs 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 is______.
A. Elsa and Pippa
B. Elephants on the Victoria Nile
C. birth control among animals
D. animals’ capacity to produce the young
46. The subject of paragraphs 15, 16, 17, and 18 is_____.
A. thought communication
B. a visit to Elsa’s camp
C. Elsa’s way of living
D. Elsa’s death
47. It can be inferred from paragraphs 19 and 20 that _______.
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A. The writer has no opinion on the subject of zoos
B. The writer would probably be against establishing more zoos
C. the writer would probably be in favor of establishing more zoos.
D. The writer would help all the animals in the zoo return to the wild
48. A supporter of women’s liberation who read paragraph 22______.
A. would be angered by the writer’s remarks
B. would be pleased with the writer’s remarks
C. would quit her job and be devoted to her children
D. could reasonably assume that the writer favors daycare centers
49. In paragraphs 23 and 24, the writer______.
A. offers limited hope for man’s future survival
B. offers no hope for man’s future survival
C. is quite confident that man will survive
D. doubts that man can survive in the future
50. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Man is more intelligent than most animals.
B. Man is more important than other species.
C. Man can survive only if other forms of life survive as well.
D. Man has been living on earth less time than many other species.
Part III. Writing (30 points)
51. Write an essay of at least 400 words in English with the title listed
below. Write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET.
The Role of Translation in Chinese Culture Going Global

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2016年华南理工大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题