2016年南京航空航天大学246英语考研真题

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2016年南京航空航天大学246英语考研真题

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南京航空航天大学
2016 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（ A 卷 ）
科目代码: 246
科目名称: 英语 满分: 100 分
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I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four
choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. I would like to have a talk with him _____ his convenience.
A. in B. at C. for D. with
2. I'd rather you _____ those important documents with you.
A. don't take B. didn't take C. won't take D. not take
3. If a couple are divorced and their child lives with his mother, he is said to suffer from lack of _____ love.
A. maternal B. fraternal C. paternal D. parental
4. If English is not our first language you can often be puzzled by ways of expression that the native speaker of
English does not even have to _____.
A. think out B. think about C. think over D. think for
5. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.
A. isn't B. wasn't C. weren't D. hadn't been
6. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _____ in the courtyard.
A. converge B. assemble C. crowd D. accumulate
7. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1995, the housing problems now in some parts
of the country _____ so serious.
A. wouldn't be B. wouldn't have been C. will not be D. would have not been
8. If Tom wins tomorrow, he _____ thirty races in the past four years.
A. will win B. has won C. would have won D. will have won
9. If we believe something is good and true we should _____ to it.
A. hold up B. keep on C. hold on D. keep up
10. If you _____ James, ask him to phone me.
A. should see B. must see C. might see D. would see
11. If you are required to do some work, it must be done _____.
A. sooner or later B. after all others C. at last D. in the long run
12. If you know what the trouble is, why you don't help them to _____ the situation?
A. simplify B. modify C. verify D. rectify
13. I'm sorry, but what he thinks is not of the _____ important to me.
A. worthy B. valuable C. valueless D. priceless
14. I'm sure your suggestion will _____ the problem.
A. contribute to solving B. be contributed to solve
C. contribute to solve D. be contributed to solving
15. I'm very much obliged to you _____ the information.
A. on B. for C. with D. of
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16. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _____ and many jobs on campus are
reserves for students.
A. scales B. ranks C. grades D. patterns
17. In Beijing, the season of the year is probably _____ fall.
A. later B. last C. latter D. late
18. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or ______ for language learning purposes,
there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.
A. adapted B. acknowledged C. assembled D. appointed
19. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _____ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended
only three or four days before the party date.
A. admired B. regarded C. expected D. worshipped
20. In that country, students will be _____ admittance to their classroom if they are not properly dressed.
A. declined B. deprived C. denied D. deserted
II. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,
B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Passage 1
A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than that is possible to learn in
general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history
focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious
beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors--- or of
people very different from our own --- can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a
time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than that can be found in most
history books.
In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about
politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and
opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his
well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over
people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the
horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente
Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros --- as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines --- depicted these
Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.
In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art
was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings
that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand
biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle
East was (and still is ) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic (伊斯兰教的） belief
that statues are unholy (不神圣的）.
21. From passage One, we know that ______.
A. art history reveals a people’s religious and emotional life as well as its political views and psychology
B. general history provides us with information about everyday life of ancient people
C. general history gives us an insight into the basic situations of a time and a place
D. art history regards politics as an unworthy topic
22. Art is subjective in that it _____.
A. records what people felt and thought at a particular time
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B. expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place
C. often gives us a better understanding of our history
D. often presents the subjective message about the political life of a country
23. It may be concluded from this passage that _____.
A. Islamic artists painted images on church walls as a way of teaching
B. war was not one of the topics art history addressed
C. Europeans respected images of biblical figures
D. for some time in Europe, art was the only way to understand religion
24. According to the passage, what can be usually found in a truly “political” artist’s work?
A. His criticism to the religious beliefs of his country.
B. His explanation about the political values of his country.
C. His dissatisfaction to wars, his government or social problems.
D. His concern about the daily life of the poor in his country.
25. The passage mainly discusses _____.
A. the difference between general history and art history
B. the value of art history in understanding history
C. the importance of artists in art history D. the importance of art in religion
Passage 2
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a
window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated
his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the
late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”--- the random byproducts of
the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s
emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off line.” And one leading authority says that these
intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to
help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s
Medical Center, “if you don’t like it, change it.”
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people
seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening,
suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious
mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events ---
until appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious
control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.
Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its
course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us
from sleeping or “we wake up in panic”. Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general
feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek
help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep- or rather
dream-on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.
26.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,"( Par.1) the researchers mean
that _______.
A. we can think logically in the dreams too
B. dreams can be brought under conscious control
C. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fears
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D. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable
27. What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A. Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.
B. Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.
C. One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.
D. People having negative feelings dream more often.
28. Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.
A. control what dreams to dream
B. sleep well without any dreams
C. wake up in time to stop the bad dreams
D. identify what is upsetting about the dreams
29. The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______
A. learn to control his dreams B. consult a doctor
C. sleep and dream on it D. get rid of anxiety first
30. The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.
A. a good practice B. a new discovery
C. helpful for everyone D. not essential for everyone
Passage 3
People who spend their days glued to networking websites such as Facebook and Twitter are more likely to
be depressed, a new U.K. study has revealed.
A team of researchers at the University of Leeds have conducted the first large-scale survey of its kind to
find a link between the Internet and depression.
“The Internet now plays a huge part in modern life, but its benefits are accompanied by a darker side,” said
psychologist Catriona Morrison, lead author of the study, which is published in the journal Psychopathology
Today.
The survey was administered online, with adverts place on social-networking sites, and 1,319 people took
the tests. Participants were asked to answer questions in an Internet Addiction Test. Internet Function Test ( to
see what people use the Internet for most) and the Beck Depression Inventory.
Morrison and her team found that 18 respondents were “Internet addicted”. When matched against
not-addicted Internet users within the survey, the difference in depression ratings was significant; the addicts
showed higher levels of depression than their non-addicted counterparts.
In addition, the team found a correlation between the type of sites visited and the level of user addition.
According to the study, Internet addicts spent more time on “gaming websites and online community/ chat”,
whereas the non-addicted group perused (浏览) a wider range of site.
But Morrison acknowledged some caveats (为防止误解而作的说明) to the study. The Internet Addiction
Test, although a useful tool in studying this modern age addiction, is not a foolproof method of diagnosis. New
tests incorporating (包含) measures of social isolation and loneliness may provide a more accurate measure to
continue in this area.
“What is clear”, said Morrison, “is that for a small subset of people, excessive use of the Internet could be
a warning signal for depressive tendencies.”
The study also leaves many questions unanswered. Having found a correlation, future studies may try to
determine the cause. Do people become depressed because they are addicted to the Internet or turn to the
Internet because they’re depressed?
Morrison hopes future studies of Internet users will help define what this link might be. “We now need to
consider the wider societal implications of this relationship and confirm clearly the effects of excessive Internet
use on mental health.”
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31. What can we know from a new U.K. study?
A. The use of the Internet has little to do with depression.
B. The Internet is mainly used to communicate with others in our daily life.
C. People addicted to social networking sites are more easily to be depressed.
D. The disadvantages of Internet use are much more than the benefits of it.
32. What information can be got about the Internet Function Test from the passage?
A. Its purpose is to show what effect the Internet has on people’s life.
B. Its aim is to see what the Internet’s most common use is for people.
C. It is published in the journal Psychopathology Today.
D. It is greatly welcomed by most of adolescents’ parents.
33. According to the study, which group of people are more easily addictive to the Internet?
A. Those who have the depressive tendencies. B. Those spending more time chatting online.
C. Those who work depending on computers D. Those browsing a wide range of websites.
34. The word “foolproof”(Para 7) is the closest in meaning to _____.
A. common B. unique C. deceptive D. accurate
35. What can be inferred from what Morrison says in the last sentence of the passage?
A. It is clear that excessive Internet use leads to some people’s depression.
B. There are some other societal reasons leading to people’s depression.
C. The impact of excessive Internet use on mental health is not clearly verified yet.
D. It is very hard to define the correlation between depression and Internet use.
Passage 4
Scholars and students have always been great travelers. “Academic mobility” is now often stated in
impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the
areas of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of
the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most
effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.
Mobility of this kind also means mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous
impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with
colleagues, one believes that only eccentrics (行为古怪的人) have no interest in being credited with a startling
discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the
world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite
alone, confronted by inquiry, ridicule or neglect.
In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars
have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane,
making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the
very rapid transmission of knowledge.
Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the
recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention:
there are far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.
In addition, one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the
sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists
whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not
able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.
36. From the passage we can know that “academic mobility”__________.
A. means the friendship formed by scholars when they are traveling
B. is a program organized by governments
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C. is considered very important for economic and social progress in the world
D. means going abroad to search for the best teachers
37. In the view of the author, if a scholar has a new idea about a particular thing he should ______.
A. keep it as a secret B. sell it for money
C. abandon it without being proved D. share it with others
38. According to the passage, what influence does the appearance of airplanes have on the academic aspect?
A. It makes it possible to exchange students between countries.
B. It makes it possible for scholars far from each other to contact more easily.
C. It makes it easier for students to attend foreign universities.
D. It promotes more centers of learning to appear immediately around the world.
39. The words “considerable multiplication of disciplines(Last paragraph)” refer to ______.
A. a great number of stricter teaching methods B. broader cooperation among scholars
C. enormous rules for academic studies D. an increase in the number of fields of knowledge
40. According to the author, travel is necessary for specialists in that _______.
A. it is good for them to define their interests precisely B. it is a good way for them to relax
C. it helps them avoid working in isolation D. it can make them feel less lonely
III. English -Chinese Translation (20 points)
Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese.
1. A hero, it is said, is someone who is “larger than life”, whom we can admire for great qualities or abilities
that we may never have. Heroes have included political and religious leaders, athletes, movies stars, and
musicians. Today, however, many people say they do not have heroes. Political figures in today’s world of
leaders rarely, if ever, appear larger than life to us. In today’s world of curious journalists and a television-age
public, it seems difficult for anyone to attain heroic status.
2. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word
duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In
designing advertisements to be used in other countries, marketers are recognizing the need to keep messages as
short and simple as possible and to avoid idioms, jargon, and slang that are difficult to translate. Similarly, they
avoid jokes, since humor does not translate well from one culture to another. What is considered funny in one
part of the world may not be so humorous in another. The bottom line is that consumers interpret advertising in
terms of their own cultures. As the global marketplace opens up, there is no room for linguistic or cultural
blunders.
VI. Chinese-English Translation (15 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English.
在当今世界，人口越来越多，社会也越来越工业化，生活在这种条件下，人们在污染着自己的居住
环境，因此污染已经成了一个社会问题。人口增长增加了人们对世界上有限的水和土地等的需求。随着
人口增长，越来越多的人渴望更髙的生活水平。于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然导致更多的废物需
要处理。这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。
V. Writing (15 points)
Direction: In this part, you are to write a composition of no fewer than 120 words about
“Group Purchasing”. Your composition should be based on the following outline.
1. 现在团购很流行
2. 团购有很多好处，但也有不少问题
3. 我的建议

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2016年南京航空航天大学246英语考研真题