2016考研英语：词法翻译法——省略法

　　省略法是英语翻译中很重要的方法，本文中，跨考教育英语教研室王老师将为考生详细讲解省略法的基本用法，希望对考生的复习有所帮助。

　　1. 省略代词

　　省略作主语的人称代词

　　I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.

　　We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。

　　The significance of life is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.

　　人生的意义不在于已经获得的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。

　　‚省略作作宾语的代词

　　Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 取下来扔掉

　　ƒ省略物主代词

　　I put my hand in my pocket.

　　2. 代词it的省略

　　Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.

　　外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。

　　It was 08:00.

　　It took me a long time to reach the destination.

　　It is the people who are really powerful.

　　人民才是最强大的。

　　3. 省略连接词

　　He looked gloomy and troubled. 忧虑不安

　　As it is late, you had better go home. 时间不早了

　　If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了

　　If I had known it, I would not have joined into. 早知如此

　　John rose gloomy as the train stopped. 火车停了

　　4. 省略冠词

　　The horse is a useful animal. 马是有益的动物。

　　It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past

　　有些情况，冠词不能省略：

　　He left without saying a word. 一句话

　　This is the book you wanted. 那本书

　　5. 省略介词

　　省略表示时间的介词

　　The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.

　　On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People’s Republic of China.

　　‚省略表示地点的介词

　　Smoking is prohibited in public places.

　　In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.

　　特例：

　　He stood by the desk. 他站在桌旁。

　　He stayed in his own house. 他住在自己家里。

　　6.省略动词

　　系动词和与具有动作意义的名词搭配的动词。

　　When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.

　　气压低，沸点就低。

　　Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order.

　　必须在购货单规定的时间交货。

　　修辞角度：

　　1. 省略重复出现的词或短语

　　University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

　　...有工作经验的优先。

　　Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.

　　双方均不得无故解除合同。

　　2. 省略可有可无的词

　　There was no snow. The leaves were gone from the trees. The grass was dead.

　　没有下雪，但叶落草枯。

　　There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and willl master them all in the end.

　　人类造出来的机器