倒装句是一般英语文章中较为常见的形式,中文中也会有常见的倒装类型。从结构上来说,倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装就是将整个谓语部分置于主语之前,部分倒装是只将谓语的一部分,比如助动词或系动词放在主语之前,其他部分仍置于主语之后。下面,跨考教育英语教研室彭佳浩老师为大家介绍倒装句的几种类型。
一般情形相对于来说大家比较熟知,但有时候一般疑问句也是属于倒装句的一种,比如:Could you show me that book?那么什么情况下会发生部分倒装呢?
第一、“only+状语”置于句首。大家记住这种情况往往发生在only修饰状语的时候才会发生倒装,且以时间和方式状语为主,但是修饰主语的话是不需要倒装的。Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests. 另外一点需要注意的就是当only加各类状语从句置于句首时,是主句中的主谓必须倒装,而不是从句中的主谓倒装,且这一点与not until相同。Only when he had failed three times did he turn to me for advice. 这一点同学们一定要牢牢掌握,这在写作文当中运用的较多。
第二、句首中有否定词或否定短语时,句子要部分倒装。常见的否定词有:never, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no sooner…than.但这时候也存在特例,假如否定词不是修饰整个句子,而只是限定句子主语,则不用倒装。例如:Not only I but also he has been there.
第三、固定形式如:”So+a./adv.” 及”to the extent/degree”放在句首,表示程度,句子须倒装。举例:To such a degree did he go on with tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.
第四、在之前虚拟章节中提到的,在含有were, should, had的虚拟语气中,省去if后,须倒装。
最后还有在as引导的让步状语从句也会出现倒装的情况。
发生全部倒装的情况又有以下几种:
第一、介词短语形成的地点状语置于句首。这种情况遇到的较多,比如:On the ground lies a man whose leg is broken.
第二、Such位于句首时,比如Such were his dreams as a boy.
第三、副词如out, in, along here, there等位于句首时。一句俗语When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war.
第四、最后一种情况是在考研中出现较多,同学们也可以多多使用的形式,那就是表语置于句首的情况。举例Gone are the days when you had to get dressed up to make an impression.
最后总结一下我们真题中考过的句子:
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. 这个句子中谓语动词是is coupled with,正常语序是The development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before is coupled with the growing quantity of information. 这其中,又有一个than引导的定语从句。所以在最开始的时候看起来特别复杂。